
Medical Cannabis
The cannabis plant produces more than a hundred cannabinoids. Four of them account for most of the medical literature.
- CBDCannabidiol
Non-intoxicating. The most studied cannabinoid in clinical trials to date.
- THCΔ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
The intoxicating constituent. Prescribed under control, usually alongside CBD.
- CBGCannabigerol
The precursor from which CBD and THC are formed in the plant.
- CBNCannabinol
Formed as THC degrades with age and exposure to air.
Clinical Trials
Investigator-initiated studies, registered and reported in full.
Principal researcher and clinician
Our work is guided by physicians who have taken cannabinoid medicines through clinical development and through daily practice.

Ethan RussoMD
Board-certified neurologist
Founder and CEO, CReDO Science
- Board-certified in child and adult neurology in the United States since 1987, and known as a researcher in psychopharmacology.
- Senior Medical Advisor, medical monitor and study physician at GW Pharmaceuticals in the United Kingdom (2003–2014), working on the Phase I–III trials of Sativex® and on the initial studies of Epidiolex®.
- Epidiolex® was approved by the US FDA in 2018, the first plant-derived cannabinoid medicine to receive that approval. Sativex® is approved in the United Kingdom, Canada and countries of the European Union, but is not approved in the United States.
- Medical Director of PHYTECS (2015–2017) and Director of Research and Development at the International Cannabis and Cannabinoids Institute in Prague (2017–2019).
- Past president of the International Cannabinoid Research Society and past chairman of the International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines. Author of more than fifty peer-reviewed papers and seven books, and has consulted or lectured in 39 US states and Canadian provinces and in 39 countries.

Mara BilibajkichMD, CCFP
Family physician
Founder and CEO, RxLeaf
- After more than twenty years as a family physician, she observed a growing number of patients choosing natural alternatives over conventional pharmaceuticals, and decided to specialise in cannabis medicine.
- Founded RxLeaf in 2016 to educate the market on the medical uses of cannabis.
- Earned her Doctor of Medicine from Queen's University and studied organic chemistry at Western University.
- A member of the Society of Cannabis Clinicians, a physician at Riverside Medical Centre, and formerly a medical consultant at Aphria and Spectrum. She completed a fellowship in psychedelic medicine in 2023.
- Serves as Scientific Advisor at Neural Therapeutics and sits on the medical board of directors of Edora Health.
Positions and dates are as published by the individuals and their organisations. Approvals named here refer to the regulator and country stated; approval in one country does not imply approval in another.
Structures are the published 3D conformers from PubChem (NIH/NLM, public domain). Hydrogen atoms are omitted for legibility.
